Manufacturing & Fabrication

Built in the Pacific Northwest

Every critical subsystem — cold plates, sidecar CDUs, cryogenic manifolds, and silica nanofluid loops — is designed, prototyped, and assembled in Oregon. We manufacture our own infrastructure to control every variable.

Manufacturing Philosophy

Diamond Cool does not outsource its core thermodynamic architecture. Every cold plate, every manifold, every fluid circuit is designed and fabricated under direct engineering supervision. This isn't a cost decision — it's a precision decision.

Sub-ambient cryogenic cooling at -15°C to -40°C demands tolerances that off-the-shelf components cannot deliver. A 50-micron deviation in a jet impingement nozzle array changes the entire thermal profile of a 155kW rack. We achieve microscale consistency through 5-axis CNC machining, vacuum brazing, and in-house metrology — every unit verified before it ships.

We don't assemble cooling products. We manufacture thermal weapons — precision instruments designed to annihilate heat at temperatures no competitor can reach.
Data center infrastructure

Subsystem 1 — Cold Plate Fabrication

The cold plate is the silicon-facing interface — the single most critical thermal component in the entire stack. Diamond Cool's multi-layer micro-jet impingement cold plates are machined from C110 oxygen-free copper (99.99% purity) to maximize thermal conductivity at 391 W/m·K.

Fabrication Process

01

Raw Stock Acquisition

C110 OFE copper billet sourced from certified US mills. Incoming material is verified for grain structure uniformity via ultrasonic spectroscopy before CNC processing.

02

5-Axis CNC Machining

Micro-jet nozzle arrays (0.3mm–0.5mm diameter), fluid channels, and manifold plenums are machined on 5-axis Haas VF-series mills at BDE Manufacturing (Beaverton, OR). Tolerances held to ±10µm across a 72-GPU mounting footprint.

03

Multi-Layer Vacuum Brazing

Individual copper layers are stacked and vacuum-brazed at 850°C in an oxygen-free atmosphere. This creates monolithic, leak-proof multi-layer assemblies with internal jet arrays that cannot be produced via casting or additive methods.

04

Surface Finishing & QC

Contact surfaces are lapped to Ra ≤ 0.4µm for optimal thermal interface material (TIM) adhesion. Every unit undergoes 150 PSI hydrostatic pressure testing, flow uniformity verification, and dimensional CMM inspection before release.

C110
Material
Oxygen-free copper, 99.99% purity. Maximum thermal conductivity.
±10µm
Tolerance
5-axis CNC precision across multi-layer impingement geometry.
150 PSI
Pressure Test
Every cold plate hydrostatically tested before shipment.

Subsystem 2 — Sidecar CDU Assembly

The Coolant Distribution Unit is the operational brain of the system — a modular, rack-adjacent enclosure that houses pumps, heat exchangers, the LN₂ injection interface, filtration, and the programmable logic controller (PLC). Diamond Cool's sidecar CDU is not a modified HVAC unit — it is a purpose-built cryogenic thermal management skid.

Key Components

VFD
Pump Drive
Variable-frequency drive pumps with N+1 redundancy. Automatic failover in <500ms.
316L
Heat Exchanger
316L stainless steel brazed-plate heat exchanger rated for cryogenic LN₂ secondary loop.
PLC
Control System
Allen-Bradley CompactLogix managing temperature, pressure, flow, and leak detection sensors.
50µm
Filtration
Inline particulate filtration on supply side. Prevents nanofluid fouling of micro-jet arrays.

Structural enclosures are fabricated by Medford Fabrication (Medford, OR) using 14-gauge powder-coated steel. All plumbing uses orbital-welded 316L stainless tubing with Parker and Swagelok quick-disconnect fittings rated for cryogenic service.

Advanced cooling technology

Subsystem 3 — Silica Nanofluid Production

Diamond Cool's primary coolant is a PFAS-free, non-conductive silica nanofluid — a proprietary suspension of SiO₂ nanoparticles in a dielectric base oil. Unlike water or fluorocarbon immersion fluids, this fluid is inherently insulating: it can contact live GPU silicon without shorting.

Production Process

01

Nanoparticle Dispersion

Pharmaceutical-grade SiO₂ nanoparticles (20–50nm diameter) are dispersed into a synthetic ester dielectric base at controlled concentrations (0.01–0.1 wt%). High-energy ultrasonication ensures homogeneous distribution.

02

Stabilization & Surfactant Treatment

Non-ionic surfactants create steric repulsion between nanoparticles, preventing agglomeration over multi-year operational cycles. Zeta potential verified at ≥ ±30mV for colloidal stability.

03

Vacuum Dehydration

Completed nanofluid undergoes 12+ hours of vacuum drying at 60°C to remove moisture and dissolved gases. Dielectric breakdown strength verified at >40 kV/mm before certification.

Zero water. Zero PFAS. Zero conductivity. The fluid itself is a patent-protected competitive moat — no one else ships a sub-ambient dielectric nanofluid purpose-built for direct-to-chip cryogenic contact.

Subsystem 4 — LN₂ Cryogenic Injection

The liquid nitrogen injection system is the technology leap that separates Diamond Cool from every other liquid cooling company on the planet. The LN₂ secondary loop sub-cools the silica nanofluid through a dedicated cryogenic heat exchanger, achieving chip-junction temperatures between -15°C and -40°C — impossible with water-based systems.

Hardware Stack

LN₂
Cryogen
Liquid nitrogen at -196°C. Non-flammable, non-toxic, widely available from industrial gas suppliers (Linde, Air Liquide).
-40°C
Target Junction
Chip junction temperature achievable with full cryogenic injection at rated flow.
60%
Recapture Rate
Direct-siphon recovery captures exhaust N₂ gas and returns it to the liquefier intake.

The injector manifold, cryogenic valves, and vacuum-insulated piping are sourced from Technifab Products and assembled in-house with orbital-welded joints. Every cryogenic joint is helium leak tested to 1×10⁻⁹ mbar·L/s — the same standard used in semiconductor fab vacuum systems.

Quality assurance

Quality Assurance & Certification

Diamond Cool's manufacturing pipeline is designed from day one for UL 2755 certification — the industry standard for modular data center systems, including integrated liquid cooling subsystems. UL 2755:2025 specifically addresses high-density AI workloads exceeding 1MW per rack, cryogenic fluid management, and fire/safety compliance.

Certification Roadmap

Phase 1 Design documentation and safety analysis submitted to UL Solutions In Progress
Phase 2 Component-level testing — cold plates, CDU enclosures, cryogenic joints Month 4–6
Phase 3 Integrated system test — full rack deployment under simulated thermal load Month 6–8
Phase 4 UL 2755 listing achieved — NEC Article 646 compliance for data center deployment Month 8–10

In parallel, all materials and processes are validated for REACH and RoHS environmental compliance — ensuring zero PFAS content, zero heavy metals, and full regulatory clearance for international deployment.

Supply Chain & Partners

Diamond Cool's manufacturing supply chain is deliberately Pacific Northwest-concentrated — reducing logistics complexity, enabling rapid design iteration, and supporting the founder's hands-on engineering approach.

BDE Manufacturing
CNC Cold Plates — Beaverton, OR
35,000 sq ft facility. 5-axis Haas machining centers. Aerospace, medical, and electronics precision. Est. 1986.
Medford Fabrication
Enclosures & Structural — Medford, OR
Powder-coated steel enclosures, sheet metal forming, and sidecar CDU chassis fabrication.
Linde / Air Liquide
LN₂ Supply — National
Industrial gas supply for liquid nitrogen. Delivered to site via standard cryogenic tanker trucks.
Technifab Products
Cryogenic Components — IN
Vacuum-insulated transfer lines, cryogenic valves, and phase separator components.

Ready to Deploy?

Diamond Cool is currently in the prototype and testing phase. Contact our engineering team to discuss pilot deployments, custom rack configurations, and technical specifications.

Request Engineering Consultation